Master Hierarchical topology, also known as tree topology, is a network structure that organizes devices and connections in multiple layers. This topology efficiently controls data flow, provides scalability, and facilitates easy network management. It is commonly used in distributed processing systems and large-scale networks to maintain an effective communication structure. Structure of Hierarchical Topology Hierarchical topology … Read more
In network communication, ensuring both reliability and efficiency in data transmission is a critical challenge. This is particularly true in wireless networks or environments with high variability, where packet loss frequently occurs. To address this issue, Automatic Repeat reQuest (ARQ) methods are employed, among which Adaptive ARQ stands out as an advanced technique that dynamically … Read more
Error control is a crucial aspect of data communication, ensuring the reliable transmission of information across networks. One of the most efficient mechanisms for error recovery is Automatic Repeat reQuest (ARQ), which retransmits lost or corrupted packets to maintain data integrity. Among various ARQ techniques, Selective Repeat ARQ (SR-ARQ) stands out as an improvement over … Read more
What is Go-Back-N ARQ? Go-Back-N Automatic Repeat reQuest (ARQ) is an error control protocol used in data transmission to ensure reliability. This protocol allows the sender to transmit multiple frames at once but requires retransmission of all frames after an erroneous one if an error is detected by the receiver. Go-Back-N ARQ is widely used … Read more
In computer networking, ensuring reliable data transmission is crucial. One of the fundamental error control techniques used to achieve this reliability is Automatic Repeat reQuest (ARQ). Among the various ARQ protocols, Stop and Wait ARQ is the simplest yet effective method, where the sender transmits a frame and waits for an acknowledgment (ACK) or a … Read more
In a network environment, various devices are used to ensure the stable transmission of data. Among them, the “Repeater” plays a crucial role in maintaining signal integrity over long distances. In this article, we will explore the concept of a repeater, its functions, and its applications. Understanding the Repeater A repeater is a network device … Read more
In a network environment, various devices are used to efficiently transmit and receive data. Among them, the switch is an advanced device that expands on the functionality of a hub, enabling more stable and faster data transmission. This article explores the concept, functions, and differences between a switch and a hub in detail. 1. What … Read more
1. What is a Gateway? A gateway is a device or software component that connects different networks, enabling communication between them. Essentially, it acts as a “gate” that allows data to be transmitted between networks using different communication protocols. In today’s network environment, various types of networks and protocols exist. A gateway is essential for … Read more
In a network environment, various devices are required to transmit data quickly and efficiently. Among them, the router plays a crucial role as a device that connects different networks and ensures that data packets reach their destination via the most optimal path. Notably, a router facilitates communication between networks that use different protocols, making seamless … Read more
In the digital age, information security is an essential component for both businesses and individuals. Among the core principles of information security, CIA (Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability) plays a crucial role in safeguarding data. This article explores the concept of CIA and the security measures to ensure each component is well-protected. Confidentiality – Preventing Data Leaks … Read more